I-Gantry crane iyi-crane yohlobo lwebhuloho ibhuloho layo elisekelwe kuthrekhi ephansi ngokusebenzisa ama-outriggers nhlangothi zombili. Ngokwesakhiwo, iqukethe insika, umshini wokusebenza wetroli, inqola yokuphakamisa kanye nezingxenye zikagesi. Amanye ama-gantry cranes anama-outrigger kuphela ohlangothini olulodwa, kanti olunye uhlangothi lusekelwa esakhiweni semboni noma i-trestle, ebizwa ngokuthi i-i-semi-gantry crane. I-gantry crane yakhiwe uhlaka lwebhuloho eliphezulu (okuhlanganisa ugongolo oluyinhloko kanye ne-end beam), ama-outriggers, i-beam ephansi nezinye izingxenye. Ukuze kunwetshwe ububanzi bokusebenza kwe-crane, i-beam eyinhloko ingadlulela ngale kwe-outrigger iye ohlangothini olulodwa noma zombili ukwenza i-cantilever. I-trolley ephakamisayo ene-boom ingasetshenziswa futhi ukuze kunwetshwe ububanzi bokusebenza kwe-crane ngokuphakama nokujikeleza kwe-boom.
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kwefomu
Ama-cranes e-Gantryingahlukaniswa ngokuya ngesakhiwo sohlaka lomnyango, isimo se-beam eyinhloko, ukwakheka kwe-beam eyinhloko, kanye nesimo sokusetshenziswa.
a. Isakhiwo sohlaka lomnyango
1. I-gantry crane egcwele: ugongolo oluyinhloko alunayo i-overhang, futhi i-trolley ihamba ngaphakathi kwe-span main;
2. I-semi-gantry crane: Ama-outrigger anomehluko wobude, onganqunywa ngokuya ngezidingo zobunjiniyela bendawo.
b. I-Cantilever gantry crane
1. I-Double cantilever gantry crane: Ifomu lesakhiwo elivame kakhulu, ukucindezelwa kwesakhiwo kanye nokusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwendawo yesayithi kuyafaneleka.
2. I-Cantilever gantry crane eyodwa: Leli fomu lesakhiwo livame ukukhethwa ngenxa yemikhawulo yesayithi.
c. Ifomu le-beam eliyinhloko
1.Isigxobo esiyinhloko esisodwa
I-single girder gantry crane inesakhiwo esilula, kulula ukuyikhiqiza nokuyifaka, futhi inesisindo esincane. Ibhande eliyinhloko ngokuvamile liwuhlaka lohlaka lwebhokisi lokuphambuka. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-double main girder gantry crane, ukuqina okuphelele kubuthakathaka. Ngakho-ke, leli fomu lingasetshenziswa lapho umthamo wokuphakamisa u-Q≤50t kanye ne-span S≤35m. Imilenze yomnyango we-Single girder gantry crane itholakala ngohlobo lwe-L nohlobo lwe-C. Uhlobo lwe-L kulula ukulwenza nokulufaka, lunokumelana okuhle nengcindezi, futhi lunesisindo esincane. Nokho, indawo yokuphakamisa izimpahla ukuze idlule emilenzeni incane uma kuqhathaniswa. Imilenze emise okwe-C yenziwe ngendlela egobile noma egobile ukuze kwakhiwe indawo enkulu esemaceleni ukuze izimpahla zidlule emilenzeni kahle.
2. Ugongolo olukhulu oluphindwe kabili
Ama-double main girder gantry cranes anomthamo oqinile wokuthwala umthwalo, ama-span amakhulu, ukuzinza okuhle okuphelele, nezinhlobonhlobo eziningi. Kodwa-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-single girder gantry cranes enamandla afanayo okuphakamisa, isisindo sawo sikhulu futhi izindleko ziphezulu. Ngokusho kwezakhiwo eziyinhloko ze-boom, zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili: ugongolo lwebhokisi kanye ne-truss. Ngokuvamile, izakhiwo ezimise okwebhokisi zisetshenziswa.
d. Isakhiwo se-beam esiyinhloko
1.I-Truss beam
Ifomu lesakhiwo elishiselwe ngensimbi ye-angle noma i-I-beam inezinzuzo zezindleko eziphansi, isisindo esincane kanye nokumelana nomoya omuhle. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yenani elikhulu lamaphoyinti wokushisela kanye nokukhubazeka kwe-truss ngokwayo, i-truss beam nayo inokushiyeka njengokuphambuka okukhulu, ukuqina okuphansi, ukwethembeka okuphansi, kanye nesidingo sokutholwa njalo kwamaphoyinti wokushisela. Ilungele amasayithi anezidingo eziphansi zokuphepha kanye namandla amancane okuphakamisa.
2.Isigxobo sebhokisi
Amapuleti ensimbi ahlanganiswe esakhiweni sebhokisi, esinezici zokuphepha okuphezulu nokuqina okuphezulu. Ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ama-cranes amathoni amakhulu kanye nama-ultra-large-tonnage gantry cranes. Njengoba kukhonjisiwe esithombeni esingakwesokudla, i-MGhz1200 inamandla okuphakamisa amathani ayi-1,200. I-gantry crane enkulu kunazo zonke e-China. Ugongolo oluyinhloko luthatha isakhiwo sebhande lebhokisi. Imishayo yebhokisi nayo inobubi bezindleko eziphakeme, isisindo esisindayo, kanye nokungazweli kahle komoya.
3.Uju lwezinyosi
Ngokuvamile okubizwa ngokuthi "i-isosceles triangle ye-honeycomb beam", ubuso bokugcina be-honeycomb bungunxantathu, kunezimbobo zekhekheba lezinyosi kuma-oblique webs nhlangothi zombili, futhi kukhona ama-chords ezingxenyeni ezingenhla nezingezansi. Imishayo yekhekheba lezinyosi imunca izici zemishayo ye-truss nemishayo yebhokisi. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemishayo ye-truss, inokuqina okukhulu, ukuchezuka okuncane, nokuthembeka okuphezulu. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwe-steel plate welding, isisindo sokuzimela kanye nezindleko ziphakeme kancane kunezigxobo ze-truss. Ilungele amasayithi noma izingosi ze-boam ezisetshenziswa njalo noma umthamo wokuphakamisa osindayo. Njengoba lolu hlobo lwesigxobo kuwumkhiqizo onelungelo lobunikazi, bambalwa abakhiqizi.
2. Ifomu lokusebenzisa
1. I-gantry crane evamile
2.Hydropower station gantry crane
Isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuphakamisa, ukuvula nokuvala amasango, futhi ingasetshenziselwa imisebenzi yokufaka. Umthamo wokuphakamisa ufinyelela kumathani angama-80 kuye kwangama-500, ubude buncane, amamitha ayi-8 kuye kwayi-16, futhi ijubane lokuphakamisa liphansi, 1 kuya ku-5 amamitha / min. Nakuba lolu hlobo lwe-crane aluvamile ukuphakanyiswa, umsebenzi unzima kakhulu uma ususetshenzisiwe, ngakho izinga lomsebenzi kufanele lenyuswe ngokufanelekile.
3. I-gantry crane yokwakha umkhumbi
Isetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa i-hull ku-slipway, ama-trolleys amabili aphakamisayo ahlala etholakala: eyodwa inamahhuku amabili amakhulu, egijima kumzila ophezu kwe-flange engenhla yebhuloho; enye inehhuku eyinhloko kanye nehhuku elisizayo, engxenyeni engezansi yebhuloho. Gijimani kumareyili ukuze ujike futhi uphakamise izingxenye ezinkulu zemikhumbi. Umthamo wokuphakamisa ngokuvamile ungamathani ayi-100 kuye kwayi-1500; ububanzi bufika ku-185 m; ijubane lokuphakamisa lingamamitha angu-2 kuya kwangu-15/min, futhi kukhona isivinini sokunyakaza esincane esingu-0.1 kuya ku-0.5 metres/min.
3. Izinga lomsebenzi
I-Gantry crane futhi iyileveli yokusebenza A ye-gantry crane: ibonisa izici zokusebenza ze-crane mayelana nesimo somthwalo kanye nokusetshenziswa okumatasa.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwamazinga omsebenzi kunqunywa izinga lokusetshenziswa kwe-crane kanye nesimo somthwalo Q. Ahlukaniswe ngamaleveli ayisishiyagalombili ukusuka ku-A1 kuye ku-A8.
Izinga lokusebenza le-crane, okungukuthi, izinga lokusebenza lesakhiwo sensimbi, linqunywa ngokusho kwendlela yokuphakamisa futhi ihlukaniswe ngamazinga A1-A8. Uma iqhathaniswa nezinhlobo zokusebenza zama-cranes acaciswe e-China, icishe ilingane: nokukhanya kwe-A1-A4; I-A5-A6- Ephakathi; I-A7-esindayo, i-A8-inzima kakhulu.
